1937 Port of Massawa: Italian soldiers shipping the fragmented chunks of the obelisk of Axum to Rome
AXUM –
Ethiopia on Thursday unveiled its famed Axum Obelisk after more than three years of work to re-erect the 150-ton stela plundered by fascist Italy 70 years ago and returned only in 2005.
Prime Minister Meles Zenawi and Italian undersecretary of state for foreign affairs Alfredo Mantica unveiled the 1,700-year-old treasure draped in Ethiopian and Italian flags.
Thousands of people who gathered at the original site of the stela in Axum, some 575 kilometres (357 miles) north of Addis Ababa, cheered as the two drew down the flags from the massive monument.
Children wearing traditional Ethiopian dress as well as gladiator costumes lined up on opposite sides to greet the top officials.
“Not only are we witnessing the return of a cultural monument, but also a historic turning point in relations between Ethiopia and Italy,” Mantica said after he and Meles placed a replica of the obelisk at the foot of the giant artefact.
“This event reminds us of the glorious past on one hand and a new era of renaissance on the other,” Meles said.
Ethiopian President Girma Woldegiorgis said “the return of the obelisk heals the wounds suffered during the past.”
Italian soldiers carted away the 24-meter (78-foot) third-century AD granite funeral stela in 1937 on the orders of then-dictator Benito Mussolini during his attempt to colonise Ethiopia.
“My joy is beyond limit,” said Asfaw Abebe, an 85-year-old war veteran who joined the struggle against the Italian occupation at the age of 14.
“It recalls the sacrifice we made back then,” said Asfaw, explaining that his father was beheaded by Italian troops and his head displayed in public to intimidate locals.
“I am very happy and proud. It’s very important for us that it came back,” said Weyni Tesfai, a student. “It’s also a symbol of coming together of both countries.”
Despite a 1947 agreement that called for its return, the obelisk had remained in Italy standing outside the Rome headquarters of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, much to the anger of Ethiopia.
ts return was finally agreed upon in talks in Italy in November 2004 between Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles Zenawi and Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, but its arrival was then announced and delayed several times.
The last of the three pieces arrived in Axum in April 2005 to great rejoicing among Ethiopians, who regard the obelisk as a national treasure.
Axum, which was added to the UN’s World Heritage List in 1980, was the capital of the Axumite kingdom that flourished as a major trading center from the fifth century BC to the 10th century AD.
At its height, the kingdom, ruled by monarchs who traced their lineage back to the biblical David, Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, extended across areas of what are today Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, Sudan and Yemen.
